Direct the white light beams through the diffraction grating and observe the pattern projected on the wall. If necessary, position a piece of colored plastic or a color filter between the source and the diffraction grating. Secure the light source and the diffraction grating to their respective positions using tape and binder-type clips. To conduct the experiment, position a white light source opposite a diffraction grating with a wall behind it serving as a projection screen. Materialsĭiffraction grating Laser beam Ruler Binder clips Tape Colour filter The aim of the experiment is to calculate the wavelength of light. What is the diffraction grating experiment? Solution Use the diffraction grating equation but rearrange for d. The separation angle is 40.85° and the diffraction creates the first-order maximum. Hence θ = 90o and sin(θ) = 1.įinding the angle between two second-order linesĪ light with a wavelength of 480 μm passes through a diffraction grating. The maximum angle required for orders of maxima to be created is when the beam is at a right angle to the diffraction grating. This allows us to determine the position of each maximum on the screen. Using this equation, we can calculate the angle between each maximum and the zero-order. By rearranging this equation, we can solve for θ: In this equation, d is the spacing between the slits, θ is the angle of diffraction, θ₀ is the angle of incidence, n is the order of maximum, and λ is the wavelength of light. For example, if we want to find the angle between the zero-order and the second-order maximum, we would substitute n = 2 into the equation. To find the angle for a specific order of maximum, we substitute the order number, n, into the equation. By solving the equation for θ, we can find the angle between a specific order of maximum and the zero-order. The grating equation can be used to calculate the angular separation between each maximum, denoted by θ1. This pattern repeats for each order point. Red light has the greatest angle, making it the light furthest away from the zero-order. The white light spot is in the middle where the angle is zero, while the blue light is closest to the white spot in the first-order maximum points. A larger number of slits per meter means a bigger angle of diffraction. The spacing between the slits, or d, affects the angle of diffraction. The equation shows that the separation angle is proportional to the wavelength, so the longer the wavelength, the greater the angle. The angles at which the maximums occur are called fringes, and can be calculated using the grating equation. These points are caused by the interference of many different rays of light. The maximum that is parallel to the light beam is called the zero-order maximum, while the dots on the sides are the first and second order maximums. The dots on the back screen represent the maximums, while the empty space between them is called the minimum. When a light beam hits a diffraction grating plate, it splits into seven different colors based on their wavelengths.
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